Essay about Dont Be Afraid to Die in Socrates Phaedo

Throughout the course of the Phaedo, Socrates argues that the soul is immortal. Because he believes that his soul will live on forever, Socrates claims that he is not afraid to die. Socrates was sentenced to death and due to the fact that he took the poison earlier than when was necessary, many believe that he committed suicide. Contrary to what may be presumed about Socrates’ death, I will argue that he is a martyr and did not commit suicide. Suicide is defined as taking one’s life for the sake of oneself. Killing oneself, does not necessarily mean suicide because suicide is inherently selfish and completely focused on the individual. The reason for killing oneself changes whether it is suicide or not. Suicide has a very negative†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I do not expect any benefit from drinking the poison a little later, except to become ridiculous in my own eyes for clinging to life, and be sparing of it when there is none left† (152). He feels it is a waste of time â€Å"clinging on to life.† Instead, one should embrace death. Socrates explains that philosophy is the preparation for death. In other words, Socrates has spent the majority of his life preparing for the separation of his body and soul. â€Å"†¦the one aim of those who practice philosophy in the proper manner is to practice for dying and death† (101). He says that because our souls are immortal, we should embrace death and look forward to what it has to offer for our souls. To confirm this belief, Socrates again states, â€Å"†¦the freedom and separation of the soul from the body is called death†¦those who practice philosophy in the right way, we say, who always want to free the soul; and this release and separation of the soul from the body is the preoccupation of the philosophers† (104). A philosopher’s ambition, when looking toward death, is to free the soul from its body; therefore, when one dies, the soul lives on and the body does not. I believe that Socrates plays the role of a martyr because of his passion and dedication towards finding evidence that supports his argument that the soul is immortal. Because Socrates questioned authority he was sentenced the death penalty. Socrates has so much faith that the soul will live on forever, that heShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Death And Death1300 Words   |  6 PagesOn the topic of death, a question had been made on whether immortality is preferable to dying. In Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates’ death scene, Socrates has one last philosophical conversation with his friends about what happens to the soul when it leaves the body after death. Socrates believes that the soul is immortal, meaning that it will live on even when the body does not. The themes in Phaedo are similar to those in Leo Tolstoy’s â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilych,† which tells the story of a man named IvanRead MoreSocrates Worldview Of Socrates1855 Words   |  8 PagesPart 1: Socra tes’ Worldview Socrates is a widely renowned teacher, who has taught and demonstrated a variety of lessons that regard how he views the world. Socrates has described his view on morality, purpose, death, and the ultimate. He has spoken about these views through multiple texts including The Last Days of Socrates and they have been interpreted through the text Socrates by George Rudebusch. Through these worldviews, Socrates has given people the opportunity to expand their wisdom andRead MorePlato Is One Of The Greatest And Well Known Philosophers1388 Words   |  6 Pages Plato is one of the greatest and well known philosophers of all time. Born around 428 BC, Plato grew up in Greece learning from Socrates, another well known philosopher. 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He equated knowledge with good or virtue andRead MorePlato Reflection Paper1076 Words   |  5 PagesI remember growing up through the years, and I was always taught that once you die, your soul would float up to heave and that’s how you would live the rest of your days. This was my conception of the self; you would live out your days on earth but ascend to heaven once it was your time. Plato’s conception of the self is different from mine and is very interesting. Plato describes that your soul is immortal and that your body is just an obstacle for your body, that you gain all of this wisdom fromRead MoreGod, Religion and Plato1293 Words   |  5 Pagesforms do not mix, like beauty and goodness are completely separate forms. They are simple in that they can’t be broken down; they just are beauty or goodness. Finally they are eternal meaning that the forms don ’t die out like the things on earth, they have no physical body and therefor cannot die. Plato says that things on earth can participate in the forms in the sense that they reflect that form. If we take a flower for example, Plato would say that the flower reflects the form of beauty, since manyRead MorePlatos The Last Days of Socrates: Phaedo, Wisdom, and the Soul2420 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Read the following in Platos The Last Days of Socrates: Phaedo Wisdom and the Soul Plato sees death as a good thing and the way we can understand this is by reference to the Platonic forms. The platonic forms are the essence of the abstract; they are the purity and the true Good that are clouded by materialism. For instance, we have beauty that is hidden in aesthetic objects (or in love); we have Justice, Truth, and many other Ideals. Access to these Ideals affords us true bliss and Knowledge

A Look At Israel s Economy - 3116 Words

Countries since the beginning of time have traded, competed, and influenced the world economy. A country’s political views, religious views, and culture all play an important role in how the country conducts business in the global market. They also play a role in how a specific country makes economic decisions as well as the result of those decisions and how it transitions to the world market. It is extremely important to understand the role of each country and how it conducts business in the global economy. The main focus of this essay is to take an indepth look at Israel’s economy both internally and globally. Israel has been around for millions of years and is one of the most fought over lands in the world. Israel’s history begins when†¦show more content†¦Although Israel is only about the size of New Jersey it has all the geographical features a continent would have. For example if we were to look at Israel on the map we could identify the fertile va lleys in the North, the coastal plain of the Mediterranean, to the mountainous Negev desert in the South, and finally to the Jordan valley. Israel is packed with a variety of geographical features, all of which can be seen within a matter of minutes from each other. It would only take a little over an hour to travel from the most western part of Israel to the eastern end by car and about six hours to travel from the most northern part to the southern tip. The total population of Israel is about 7,821,850, it is currently 99th most populated area compared to the rest of the world. About 341,400 people live in the West Bank, approximately 18,900 live in the Golan Heights (2012); approximately 196,400 Israeli settlers live in East Jerusalem (â€Å"MIDDLE EAST: ISRAEL. Central Intelligence Agency). Of the total population about 75% are Jewish, 17% Muslim, 2% Christian, 1.6% Druze and about 4% Other. Hebrew is the official spoken language, however Arabic is used officially for the Arab minority, and English is the most commonly used foreign language (Central Intelligence Agency). Some of the main areas of population are Tel Aviv (3.4 million people), Haifa (1.1 million), and the capital Jerusalem which as of 2007

Why the Drinking Age Should Stay 21 free essay sample

This act has caused controversy for years, there even is group of 136 college presidents called Amethyst Initiative that support a lower minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). All of these college presidents have signed a petition that agrees with lowering the MLDA. The Amethyst Initiative teamed up with another Association called Choose Responsibly that also believes MLDA should be lowered. The Choose Responsibility association published an informative letter written by John McCardell expressing many arguments and reason why they believe the MLDA should be lowered. I read this article and many other articles that believe the MLDA should be lowered. I disagree with all of them for three reasons my first reason is that lowering the MLDA would increase consumption of minors and cause more binge drinking in America, my second reason is that changing the age to twenty one has saved that many lives, and the third reasons is that the drinking before 21 can delay brain development. Becoming an adult in this country should be a process young Americans should have to deal with getting freedoms and rights on age at a time. There is no way an 18 year old is mature enough to drink without learning how to handle having certain rights and freedoms first. For instance, the national alcohol related fatalities rate in 1984, before the MLDA was raised to 21was 4,612 deaths in a year. Since then in 2006, 2,121 people ages 16 to 20 died in alcohol-related fatalities on U. S. roads, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). However some supporters of lowering the MLDA such as John McCardell argue the reason the fatalities have decreased is because of improved safety in cars. McCardell states in his article â€Å"improvements in seat-belt use and air bag improvements are the reason the number of fatalities decreased†. However, McCardell forgets to mention that traffic fatalities unrelated to alcohol have also increased 21 percent in the age group of 16 to 20 year olds during the same period of time (NHTSA). In 1984 2,915 people died in unrelated alcohol accidents and in 2006 3,537 died in unrelated accidents (NHTSA). Car safety nothing to do with the drop in alcohol related fatalities, changing the MLDA back to 21 has caused a drop in alcohol related deaths. There are some reasonable arguments that McCardell and other supporters of lowering the MLDA have. One of their biggest arguments is that a large majority of people under 21 drink any ways and many of them dangerously binge drink. This is a true statement according to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDH) 48% of 18 to 20 year olds consumed alcohol a month prior to the survey and 33 % of 18 and 20 years old binge drinking. However many supporters of lowering MLDA believe the reason these numbers are so high is because alcohol is outlawed and these young people feel the rush of breaking the law. Ruth Eng a supporter of lowering the MLDA writes in her article (Why the Drinking Age Should be Lowerd) â€Å"drinking by teenagers is seen as a forbidden fruit, a badge of rebellion against authority and a symbol adult hood. † However, if Eng s theory is correct the binge drink rates and alcohol consumption rates would lower once young adults turn 21 because it’s finally legal to drink. On the contrast, Eng’s theory is s wrong the rates actually sore higher once American citizens’ enter the age group of 21 to 25 years old, the amount of binge drinkers in this age group increase 12. % and the consumption level jump to 70%(NSDH). These statistics’ prove Engs theory that because Alcohol consumption is illegal for young adults tend to consume alcohol and abuse alcohol more often. If their theory was true the binge drinking rate for 21 to 25 years olds would not be 45. 5% in 2010. Another statistic that proves Engs â€Å"forbidden fruit theory† w rong is the statistic noted by the University of Michigans Monitoring the Future study, they found that a proportion of those 19- to 22-year-olds that binged drank two weeks prior to their surveyed in 1984 was 40. % and their current study in 2006 found that only 38. 1% binged drank 2 weeks prior to the recent survey, Which; proves that the 1984 act has decreased binge drinking by 2% in America. This drop in binge drinking rates may only be a small drop in binge drinking rates. Which, convey that Americans do have a high percentage of binge drinkers. This problem brings up another argument that supporters of lowering the drinking age bring up. Supporters of lowering the MLDA compared America to other countries that have a minimum drinking age of 18. Supporters of lowering the MLDA say that in countries where the drinking age 18 young people drink smarter. John McCardell points out some interesting statistic he states† in southern European countries ratios of all drinking occasions to intoxication occasions were quite low roughly one in ten while in the United States, almost half of all drinking occasions involving 15 and 16 year-olds resulted in intoxication. † McCardell statistic is partially correct all of the southern European countries 15 and 16 year olds do have lower rates of intoxication than Americas 15 and 16 year old except Spain. According to the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (EPAS) this southern European country reported that 25% of 15 and 16 year old in the survey were intoxicated in the previous month. In Comparison, to America were only 18% of 15 to 16 year olds were intoxicated in the previous month. McCardell also left some important information out that the U. K, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, and Austria all had higher intoxication rates in the month prior to the survey in the age group of 15 and 16 years old. All of these countries have a minimum drinking age no higher than 18 years old and are northern and eastern European countries. Getting drunk at the young ages of 15 and 16 years old is not safe at all because the brain is still developing at that age. The American Medical Association (AMA) reported in their Article Drinking Underage is D. U. M. B that â€Å"the brain goes through dynamic change during adolescence, and alcohol can seriously damage long- and short-term growth processes. They explain that the â€Å"Frontal lobe development and the refinement of pathways and connections in the brain continues until age 16, and a high rate of energy is used as the brain matures until age 20(AMA). † This is important to know because Alcohol is a chemical that damages the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe areas of the brain. This damagebeing done can impair short term memory and makes learning much harder for teens. The AMA revealed 4 research findings in their article on studies done on adolescents that use alcohol. The first research finding was that adolescent drinkers scored worse than non-users on vocabulary, general information, memory. The second finding was memory retrieval and at least three other tests Verbal and nonverbal information recall was most heavily affected, with a 10 percent performance decrease in alcohol users. The third finding was that adolescent drinkers perform worse in school, are more likely to fall behind and have an increased risk of social problems, depression, suicidal thoughts and violence. The fourth and final finding was Alcohol affects the sleep cycle, resulting in impaired learning and memory as well as disrupted release of hormones necessary for growth and maturation. After hearing all the damage that alcohol can do to a teenager’s brain it would be absurd for America to lower the drinking age, especially after hearing that countries with MLDA’s of 18 have a higher consumption rate at the age 15 and 16 years old. The age of 21 is the perfect age to start consuming alcohol because the brain has fully developed. I personally got the chills from hearing these facts because I have been drinking since I was 13 years old and been binge drinking since I was 16 years old. The AMAs’ article has started me thinking about how much brain damage I have probably given myself. Until about a year ago always believed that the age of consumption should be lowered to 18. My parents would always hear me repeatedly say â€Å"if I am old enough to die for my country why can’t I be old enough to by a beer. I did not start to realize why the MLDA being 21 is such a good thing until I was about 20 years old. I started to realize that each year I got older it became easier for me to get alcohol and if I had as much accessibility to alcohol as I do now there would be no way I would be mature enough to handle and control my partying habits. I explained this to my father a man who grew up when the drinking age was eighteen and he agreed with. My father told me â€Å"it’s a good thing they lowered the drinking age thing were way to out of hand back then† he went on to tell me all kinds of insane stories consisting of bar fights, motor vehicle accidents, and many other ridiculously wild events that involved alcohol. I feel I grew up during a much safer time period than he did because alcohol is harder to acquire and places to drink it illegally are harder to find. If the drinking age was lower than 21 I personally believe my chances of dying would have been greatly increased. Becoming adult in America should be a process; 18 year olds should have to take on responsibilities such as voting, jury duty, serving their country if at war, and learning to live on their own. These responsibilities and rights given to young adult’s help Americans mature at a steady pace. Giving a person a whole bunch of freedom and responsibilities all at once could result in chaos. The young adult may not be mature enough to handle it all. That’s why I thinking keeping the drinking age 21 is good for America. It has been proven that keeping MLDA to 21 helps prevent alcohol related fatalities, prevents young adults under 21 from binge drinking, and prevents teenagers from damaging brain development because alcohol is hard to acquire at such a young age. I believe the focus should not be on lowering the drinking age but the focus should be on coming up with new laws that prevent underage drinking. There is a problem in America with the amount of minors and young adults excessively drinking. The government needs to focus on ways to prevent the amount of young adults in this nation from drinking. .

Leading Countries in Terms of Pollution and Emission

Question: Describe about the Essay for Leading Countries in Terms of Pollution and Emission? Answer: Introduction The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Paris, 2015 to discuss about a global collaboration among countries for reducing climate change (Stokman and Thomson 2015). The agreements that were finalized in the meeting will only be valid if at least 55% of the main polluting nations agree to the conditions and apply the new proposed structure in their general administration system (Carraro et al. 2015). The agreement will be signed between April 2016 and April 2017 (Jacobson 2015). Goals were also set to reduce global warming and limit it to less than 2C (Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat 2015). In this report, the effects of the decisions made in UNFCCC on the energy policies of United Arab Emirates (UAE), one of the major oil producing nations of the world. This report mainly focuses on the existing energy policies of UAE and an analysis on how the UNFCCC meeting outcomes will bring a change in the existing energy policy structure of the country. Another focal point of this report will be the analysis of UAEs proposed plans to reduce use of fossil fuels, which are responsible for greenhouse gas emission, and introduce the use of green and renewable energy sources in their general industrial set up. Moreover, this report also provides some recommendations for the country to implement their new energy policies successfully and maintain their economic development. Discussion United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the major oil-producing nations of the world and a leading nation in terms of fossil fuel combustion and pollution (Khondaker et al. 2016). However, UAE have pledged full commitment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change at the Paris Conference, 2015 (Podobnik 2015). According to La Torre et al. (2015), UAE also accepted the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) model structure in order to help developing countries that are highly dependent on the fossil fuels produced by countries like UAE (Schmidt and Huenteler 2016). The action structure proposed by UAE was in harmony with the objectives of UNFCCC and is likely to benefit both adaptation and mitigation of developing countries (Jayaraman et al. 2015). Following the UNFCCC of 2015, UAE have implemented a new national development structure named Vision 2021 (Carraro et al. 2015). The main focus is mainly based on a strategy of Green Growth, which supports the use of renewable and environment friendly energy sources instead of fossil fuels and non-renewable energy sources (Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat 2015). This strategy is also important for social and economic development of the country by providing sustainable resources (Jacobson 2015). Effect of UNFCCC on UAE Energy Policies: New Energy Policies After the UNFCCC recommendations, the UAE administration members designed a new energy policy for the country (Mondal et al. 2016). This included several new policies (Gherboudj and Ghedira 2016). Target for Clean Energy UAE is the first country of its region to design a Clean Energy policy for supporting uses for renewable and sustainable sources of energy (Vergnetti et al. 2016). According to Khondaker et al. (2016), since the planning, UAE has progressed far in using environment friendly energy sources. In addition, they have recorded the lowest price of solar energy in the whole world (Wang et al. 2016). They have set targets to further exploit sustainable energy sources like nuclear energy (Froggatt and Schneider 2015). Upgrade of Heavy Industries and Oil Gas Sectors Owing to its huge oil reserves, UAE has many heavy industries and refineries that consume a large amount of fossil fuels for operation (La Torre et al. 2015). For this reason, these industries emit huge amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and hence, cause massive environmental pollution (Podobnik 2015). UAEs National Oil Company was the first company to promote less gas flares, which are the main reasons for emission of greenhouse gases (Gherboudj and Ghedira 2016). Additionally, carbon abatement procedures are to be introduced in heavy industries for increasing efficiency of resources (Froggatt and Schneider 2015). In addition, UAE has also applied this policy in steel manufacturing industries, where steel products are processed to be used as instruments in oil fields (Wang et al. 2016). Water and Energy Efficiency UAE has undertaken a new policy to reduce demands for non-renewable energy sources and water by introduction of renewable and sustainable energy sources (Mondal et al. 2016). For this, the administration has applied the following measures (Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat 2015): Reform of Tariff UAE have reduced tariff values for clean and renewable energy sources to promote their use in industries and other sectors (Lema and Lema 2016). They have also restructured the tariff structure for all energy sources for reducing pollution to a certain extent by 2021 (Carraro et al. 2015). Efficiency Standards A major portion of pollution in UAE comes from construction of large buildings (Al Awar 2015). The UAE government has aimed to reduce this pollution by introduction of green buildings, which involve use of eco-friendly construction materials (Stokman and Thomson 2015). Several efficiency standards have also been applied to regulate energy usage and efficiency (Jacobson 2015). Demand Management UAE government has also designed a new policy to raise public awareness and manage public demands (Khondaker et al. 2016). This policy includes new structure of water and electricity bills, which gives residents more details about their daily consumption (Podobnik 2015). District Cooling Due to extreme climate in UAE, most of the energy consumed in residential areas involve use of air-conditioning devices (Carraro et al. 2015). Initiatives have been taken by the government to apply a district cooling process instead of individual cooling (Wang et al. 2016). Efficiency Standards for Appliances After the declarations in UNFCCC, UAE government has set new efficiency standards for air-conditioning devices and other electronic appliances (La Torre et al. 2015). This enables the government to monitor usage and efficiency of appliances and replace inefficient ones (Jayaraman et al. 2015). Transport Infrastructure Transport is another major polluting sector of the country (Lema and Lema 2016). Most of daily public and private vehicles use petroleum as the fuel, the combustion of which emits large amount of greenhouse gases (Al Awar 2015). To decrease this, UAE government has introduced a new category of vehicles that run on natural gas (Froggatt and Schneider 2015). Natural gas combustion produces much lesser amount of greenhouse gases (Mondal et al. 2016). Moreover, UAE government has funded in research for exploring the use of solar energy in vehicles (Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat 2015). Using solar powered cars and natural gas powered vehicles will decrease the amount of pollution to a large extent (Khondaker et al. 2016). The country also applied emission standards for vehicles and imposed ban on vehicles, which surpasses emission standards (Gherboudj and Ghedira 2016). Waste Sector UAE government has also designed a specific policy for treatment of waste materials (Jacobson 2015). They have applied federal laws to control waste disposal and land filling (Mondal et al. 2016). This also includes fixed planning for disposal of wastes (Stokman and Thomson 2015). For application of these policies, UAE government has structured several strategies in general (Froggatt and Schneider 2015). These include: Awareness and Capacity Building This strategy mainly involves all the people living in the country (Carraro et al. 2015). For application of all regulation policies, the foremost objective will be to raise awareness among residents (Wang et al. 2016). In addition, every detail of the plan should be given to the residents so they understand the policies, their advantages and limitations (Jacobson 2015). As opined by Al Awar (2015), Local institutions and sectors also need to be addressed to promote use of environment friendly and efficient technologies (Podobnik 2015). Unique Circumstances of UAE Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat (2015) said that, due to adverse climatic and geographical conditions, UAE faces unique challenge in application of new energy policies (La Torre et al. 2015). Therefore, it takes a lot of planning and strategy for the implementation of energy policies (Jayaraman et al. 2015). Specific Strategies UAE government acquired specific strategies to focus on the main problem areas (Khondaker et al. 2016). They also addressed needs for mitigation measures of greenhouse gases (Lema and Lema 2016). Challenges and Opportunities As discussed in the UNFCCC conference, Paris, UAE faces several challenges to adapt with climatic conditions and implement new energy policies (Gherboudj and Ghedira 2016). It also involves economic development of the country and future global recession in oil and gas usage (Al Awar 2015). The primary action plan of the country involves three distinct objectives (Lema and Lema 2016). It demands a proper outline of a distinct plan for strengthening the capacity of local sectors to realize the disadvantages of climate change in the regular economic development policy (Stokman and Thomson 2015). This is mainly because mitigation of greenhouse gases emission in UAE will have a significant impact in the economic structure of the country (Khondaker et al. 2016). According to Almansoori and Betancourt-Torcat (2015), the plan also demands a distinct strategy to address local sectors to identify, evaluate and combine actions to adjust with the change in climate within the development level in the country (Carraro et al. 2015). This strategy framework focuses on addressing risks regarding climate change while adapting to it (Jacobson 2015). The plan also aims to address various sectors to evaluate measures for achieving reduction of greenhouse gas emission (Froggatt and Schneider 2015). This also involves investment opportunities in a new mechanism of clean development (Wang et al. 2016). Recommendations After conducting a close study on the new energy policies of UAE in accordance with the proposed strategies at the UNFCCC, several measures can be recommended. UAE faces many challenges for enforcing of energy plan, for the diverse climatic, geographical and cultural conditions. Moreover, the new energy policies pose a threat to the existing economic structure of the country, since majority of the countrys income comes from the export of oil and gases (Mondal et al. 2016). Another major challenge is the difficulty of enforcing energy policies due to already lavish lifestyles of the high-class people of the country, who will not readily accept change in energy policies. These conditions pose severe threat to the countrys new policies following the UNFCCC conference. However, the energy policies should be implemented quickly by removing all the risk factors for saving the environment from destruction. First, UAE should plan new strategies to adapt with climatic conditions (Lema and Lem a 2016). The country should increase productivity of other natural resources so that it does not rely too much on the oil export for economic development. After ensuring these, the next part of the plan will be to raise awareness among all classes of people so that they understand the adverse effects of pollution and greenhouse effect. If all these can be successfully implemented, UAE will reduce a large amount of pollution from their heavy industries, transport system, and still maintain a stable economic system. Conclusion Finally, it can be concluded that before the UNFCCC conference in 2015, UAE was one of the leading countries in terms of pollution and emission of greenhouse gases. After the conference, UAE readily accepted action plans to reduce pollutions and already implemented several plans successfully. They are one of the foremost countries who readily accepted pollution measures and applied them in their administration policies. They have made a distinct plan, the Vision 2021, in which they aim to reduce pollution to a certain extent within 2021 by implementing new energy policies. In spite of being a major oil-producing nation, they accepted the need to use renewable and sustainable energy sources. In addition, they have provided funds for the research regarding exploitation of solar energy for daily use. The UAE government has also implemented several measures for conservation of energy and increasing efficiency of appliances. 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